Enter your email address
Submit
Write your message
Sun, Aug 14, 2022
[Archive]
Volume 7, Issue 5 (September - October 2022)
J Obstet Gynecol Cancer Res 2022, 7(5): 422-428 |
Back to browse issues page
Download citation:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
Beru Brahmana I, Inayati I. Vaginal Discharge in Pregnancy: The Relationship of Uterine Contractions in the Case of Preterm Birth. J Obstet Gynecol Cancer Res. 2022; 7 (5) :422-428
URL: http://jogcr.com/article-1-556-en.html
URL: http://jogcr.com/article-1-556-en.html
1- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Study Program, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta, Yogyakarta, Indonesia , ivanna.brahmana@klinikjurnal.com
2- Department of Microbiology, Medical Study Program, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
2- Department of Microbiology, Medical Study Program, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Abstract: (124 Views)
Background & Objective: Vaginal discharge caused by infection and inflammation could lead to premature rupture of the membranes, which increases the risk of premature labor. If not handled properly, preterm delivery elevates the neonatal mortality risk and morbidity rate. This study aims to know the relationship between uterine contractions with preterm.
Materials & Methods: Observational research and cross-sectional design on pregnant women with vaginal discharge and without vaginal discharge based on criteria inclusion was gestational age 16–37 weeks, and exclusion criteria were pregnant women with a history of sexually transmitted diseases.
Results: The results showed that there were 130 pregnant women, of whom 77 (59.23%) have vaginal discharge complaints, and 53 (40.77%) do not have vaginal discharge complaints. Most pregnant women were in their first pregnancy (primigravida) and with 29–36 weeks gestational age. Uterine contractions (his) occurred in 68.8% (P=0.000) of pregnant women with vaginal discharge complaints but did not occur in pregnant women without vaginal discharge complaints.
Conclusion: Vaginal discharge in pregnancy carries the risk of uterine contractions, which may increase the incidence of preterm birth. To conclude, vaginal discharge in pregnancy has a relationship with preterm birth.
Systematic Review: Original Research |
Subject:
Obstetrics and Gynecology
Received: 2021/11/24 | Accepted: 2022/02/8 | Published: 2022/07/7
Received: 2021/11/24 | Accepted: 2022/02/8 | Published: 2022/07/7
References
1. Abdelaziz ZA, Ibrahim ME, Bilal NE, Hamid ME. Vaginal infections among pregnant women at Omdurman Maternity Hospital in Khartoum, Sudan. J Infect Dev Ctries. 2014;8(04):490-7. [DOI:10.3855/jidc.3197] [PMID]
2. Kiran P, Ajay B, Neena G, Geetanjaly K. Predictive value of various risk factors for preterm labor. J Obstet Gynaecol India. 2010;60(2):141-5. [DOI:10.1007/s13224-010-0020-5] [PMCID]
3. Yeh CC, Chen CY, Wang PH. Infection and preterm birth. J Chin Med Assoc 2017;80(9):530-1. [DOI:10.1016/j.jcma.2017.02.004] [PMID]
4. Mochtar A. Persalinan Preterm. In: P.T SA, editor. Ilmu Kebidanan Sarwono Prawirohardjo: Jakarta: Bina Pustaka Sarwono Prawirohardjo; 2016 b.
5. HNN. Newborn and Perinatal Healthy Covid-19. Resources. Healthy Newborn Network; 2020.
6. Saifuddin A. Persalinan preterm: Masalah yang berhubungan dengan lamanya kehamilan. In: S P, editor. Buku acuan nasional pelayanan kesehatan maternal dan neonatal. 1 ed: Jakarta: Bina Pustaka; 2009. p. 27.
7. Goldenberg RL. The management of preterm labor. Obstet Gynecol. 2002;100(5):1020-37.
https://doi.org/10.1097/00006250-200211000-00033 [DOI:10.1016/S0029-7844(02)02212-3] [PMID]
8. Chawanpaiboon S, Pimol K. Bacterial vaginosis in threatened preterm, preterm and term labour. J Med Assoc Thai. 2010;93(12):1351.
9. Rundell K, Panchal B. Preterm labor: prevention and management. Am Fam Physician. 2017;95(6):366-72.
10. Eschenbach D, Hillier S, Critchlow C, Stevens C, DeRouen T, Holmes K. Diagnosis and clinical manifestations of bacterial vaginosis. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1988(158):819-28. [DOI:10.1016/0002-9378(88)90078-6]
11. Saifuddin A. Infeksi menular seksual. In: Prawirohardjo S, editor. Ilmu kebidanan. 4 ed: Jakarta: Bina Pustaka; 2016. p. 29.
12. Das TR, Fatema K, Chowdhury S, Noor F, Ara R, Chakma B, et al. Association of Bacterial Vaginosis with preterm delivery. J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg. 2016;34(4):188-92. [DOI:10.3329/jbcps.v34i4.32408]
13. McGregor JA. Bacterial vaginosis in pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol Surv. 2000;55(5):1-19. [DOI:10.1097/00006254-200005001-00001] [PMID]
14. Shahshahan Z, Hashemi L. Maternal serum cytokines in the prediction of preterm labor and response to tocolytic therapy in preterm labor women. Adv Biomed Res. 2014;3. [DOI:10.4103/2277-9175.137864] [PMID] [PMCID]
15. Tellapragada C, Eshwara VK, Bhat P, Kamath A, Aletty S, Mukhopadhyay C. Screening of vulvo-vaginal infections during pregnancy in resource constrained settings: Implications on preterm delivery. J Infect Public Health. 2017;10(4):431-7. [DOI:10.1016/j.jiph.2016.06.003] [PMID]
16. Hosny AE-DMS, El-Khayat W, Kashef MT, Fakhry MN. Association between preterm labor and genitourinary tract infections caused by Trichomonas vaginalis, Mycoplasma hominis, Gram-negative bacilli, and coryneforms. J Chin Med Assoc. 2017;80(9):575-81. [DOI:10.1016/j.jcma.2016.10.007] [PMID]
17. Hediger ML, Scholl TO, Schall JI, Krueger PM. Young maternal age and preterm labor. Ann Epidemiol. 1997;7(6):400-6. [DOI:10.1016/S1047-2797(97)00046-X]
18. Hosny AE-DMS, Fakhry MN, El-Khayat W, Kashef MT. Risk factors associated with preterm labor, with special emphasis on preterm premature rupture of membranes and severe preterm labor. J Chin Med Assoc. 2020;83(3):280-7. [DOI:10.1097/JCMA.0000000000000243] [PMID]
19. Varela PLR, Oliveira RRd, Melo EC, Mathias TAdF. Pregnancy complications in Brazilian puerperal women treated in the public and private health systems 1. Rev Lat Am Enfermagem. 2018;25. [DOI:10.1590/1518-8345.2156.2949] [PMID] [PMCID]
20. Al Quaiz JM. Patients with vaginal discharge: A survey in a university primary care clinic in Riyadh city. Ann Saudi Med. 2000;20(3-4):302-6. [DOI:10.5144/0256-4947.2000.302] [PMID]
21. De Borborema-Alfaia A, De Lima Freitas N, Filho SA B-S, CM. Chlamydia trachomatis infection in a sample of northern Brazilian pregnant women: Prevalence and prenatal importance. Braz J Infect Dis. 2013;17(5):545-50. [DOI:10.1016/j.bjid.2013.01.014] [PMID]
22. Aduloju OP, Akintayo AA, Aduloju T. Prevalence of bacterial vaginosis in pregnancy in a tertiary health institution, south western Nigeria. Pan Afr Med J. 2019;33:1-9. [DOI:10.11604/pamj.2019.33.9.17926] [PMID] [PMCID]
23. Choi SJ, Park SD, Jang IH, Uh Y, Lee A. The prevalence of vaginal microorganisms in pregnant women with preterm labor and preterm birth. Ann Lab Med. 2012;32(3):194-200. [DOI:10.3343/alm.2012.32.3.194] [PMID] [PMCID]
24. Adriaansz G, Hanafiah T. Diagnosis kehamilan. In: S P, editor. Ilmu kandungan. 4 ed: Jakarta: Yayasan Bina Pustaka; 2016. p. 26.
25. Fonseca TM, Cesar JA, Mendoza-Sassi RA, Schmidt EB. Pathological vaginal discharge among pregnant women: pattern of occurrence and association in a population-based survey. Obstet Gynecol Int. 2013;2013. [DOI:10.1155/2013/590416] [PMID] [PMCID]
26. Mochtar A. Persalinan preterm. In: Prawirohardjo S, editor. Ilmu Kandungan. 4 ed: Jakarta: Yayasan Bina Pustaka; 2016. p. 31.
27. Omole-Ohonsi A, Nwokedi EE. Sociodemographic characteristics and aetiological factors of vaginal discharge in pregnancy. Jos J Med. 2011;5(2):27-30. [DOI:10.4314/jjm.v5i2.70690]
Send email to the article author
| Rights and permissions | |
 |
Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Cancer Research by Farname Inc is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. Based on a work at http://jogcr.com/. |
Copyright Policy
Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Cancer Research by Farname Inc is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Based on a work at http://jogcr.com/.
